December

"An unplanned exercise in cooperation is taking place, with animal and plant, fungus and microbe, competing and collaborating in complex ways. This is an ecosystem discovering itself, and it is here that the fundamental patterns of life on land are been established." Thomas Halliday (2022). Otherlands: A World in the Making. Photo by Monica Pinheiro free to use if you respect the license CC BY-NC-SA (CC).

October

"There are certain fundamental rules that all ecosystems must follow. Energy, usually harnessed in from sunlight or, rarely, from the breakdown of minerals, must flow into the ecosystem to replace what is lost through activity and decay. The organisms that can access this energy are the producers, and those that cannot are the consumers, feeding on other living things in order to survive.” Thomas Halliday (2022). Otherlands: A World in the Making. Photo by Monica Pinheiro free to use if you respect the license CC BY-NC-SA ( CC ).

October

"Trees have many values – and their highest value is not as firewood! Trees provide many tangible benefits in terms of shelter, shade, fruit, timber, pollutant filtering, ecological value, and the enhancement of biodiversity – as well as many contributions to civil society, such as providing screening, a sense of place, and direct contact with Nature for urban dwellers. If we reduce our thoughts about trees to just their value as ‘carbon sinks’, we are missing out on all their other benefits." By Duncan Slater. Image by Monica Pinheiro, license CC BY-NC-SA ( CC ).

March

 

“There are a total of 399 protected areas in Portugal, 167 Natura 2000 sites - 62 Special Protection Areas (Birds Directive) and 102 Sites of Community Importance (Habitat Directive) - as well as 232 sites designated under national laws. The protected area network in Portugal is strongly influenced by Natura 2000 sites, which make up 60% of the total area covered by protected areas.” in Biodiversity in Portugal [data displayed in February 17, 2021]. 

See Green Infrastructures in Portugal. See also report from EU (2020) "Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services: The state and trends of ecosystems in the European Union", that gives an assessment of the key ecosystems in the EU, evaluates the EU 2020 biodiversity targets, and provides a baseline for the 2030 biodiversity policy and EU nature restoration plan.